Explosion-motor.



J. VOLLMBR. EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1910.

\ Patented May 20, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1'.

J. VOLLMER.

EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1910.

. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented May 20, 1913.

ncense.

rear

JOSEPH VULLMER, BERLIN, GERMANY.

EX?LGSION-MOTOR.

the water-cooled inner wall of the cylinder.-

.The extension of this wall into the cylinder head serves as a guide for the outer cylin-' drical slide valve,a concentric space,shut oil from the interior of the cylinder andsituated above the piston path, being provided for theslide valves between cylinder head and (she cover, which extends into the latter.

The above construction diilers from prior arrangements o'l concentric cylindncal slide valves in the int n ior of the cylinder, wherethe piston-1s guided either in a specialeie tension of the cylinder-liner, surrounded by the slide valves, or'in the inner slide valve itself. Such an extension constitutes a great increase in weight, which is a serious drawback in the case of motor cars, airshipsand flying machines, especially'when theinotor has more than one cylinder.

A further advantage of the improved construction consists in the better facilities for cooling, and therefore also for lubricating,

'that'part of the piston slideway which is situated in the explosion chamber, whereby the: life and certainty of working of the Inc'- tor are considerably increased. p

The cooling water entering the cooling jacket'ot the cylinder, fiows first, where it is naturally cooler, along the lower portion, the piston shdewvay, and then when t has become warmer, it flows along the shoteway of the outer slide valve, Whose cooling is of importance.

The advantage of a better cooling of the piston slidevvay isobvious, in view of the fact that the part of the piston slideway that is situated in thepxplosion chamber is exposed to considerably highertemperatures than are the parts where the slide-valves are located and that the piston moreover not only moves ata considerably greater speed Specification of Letters Patent.

Application slew 111 21, 1910. Serial No. 573,116.

Patented May than the slide valves, but is subjected to greater side-pressures than are the latter. This improved cooling is especially important when the motor is used in a motor car, airship or flying machine, where only a limited quantity of cooling water is available,

circulating continuously through the motor, the temperature at which the water enters being sometimes relatively high.

Where, as in priorconstructions, the .pis

ton works in a special water-cooled extension i of the liner, surrounded by the cylindrical slide valves, the cooling of the piston slideway is subordinated, as it were, to thecooling of the valve slide Way, which in reality is of much less urgency. If, on the other hand, the liner extension is not cooled, very little heat will be conducted from the hot cylinder walls at all. For between theouter water-cooledsurface and the piston slideway four walls are interposed; and if between the latter thereis any lubricant present, this will aggravate matters by actingas an in-- Sula-tor of-heat. The l'ugh temperature more over will cause confiiustion of the lubricating oil on that portion of the piston slideway which is situated in the explosion chamher, so that the piston works dry at this part, thus entailing increased loss by friction, and arapid wear of'bot-h cylinder and piston. This drawback is also present, although in a less degree, in those constructions in which the slide valves are arranged around the piston. In this case the piston works directly in the inner slide valve. A-n additicna-l defect of this arrangement is that the action of the lateral piston-pressures against the slide valves causes great frictional losses and rapid wear, not only of the slide valves,

but also of their actuating mechanism. Fun thermore the slide valves, being considerably longer than otherwise are very liable to warp through unequal cooling; and, as they are proportionately heavier, they produce greater ecceleratiou stresses at high speeds of revolution. This,in conjunction with any jamming thatinay take place, causes a greater loss by friction, and correspondingly rapid wearo'f the actuating mechanism of the slide valves. All this is avoided with the short, light and uniformly cooled slide valves according to the present invention.

Compared with existing constructions, this invention has also an important advantage as regards accessibility, and facility in ing t he.;-"valve mechanism to'pieces. I For each lincr, with its surrounding slide valves, can be lifted out separately from the top as a whole, so that the slide valves can be read ily inspectedaand changed, and the piston bottom cleaned; The lower part of the motor with the cylinder and the internal parts is not afi'ected in any way by these opera- .tions. In prior constructions the slide valves other hand, a defective slide valve can be readily repaired on the spot. The outside dimensions of existing constructions having thesame bore of cylinder and the same piston stroke, are moreover considerably greater. This is due on the onehand to the use of a number of cylinder walls side by side, or to the considerable distance apart of the cylinders in multiple cylinder arrangements; and on the other hand to the great length or diameter of the cylindrical slide valves. For the same conditions, amotor constructed according to this invention will be lighter and will occupy less space than the prior constructions referred to.

One form of this invent-ion is illustrated by way of example in the drawings, i," which: i

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the axis of one of the cylinders; Fig. 2 is an elevation at right angles thereto, partly in section; and Fig. 3 is a plan of a pair of cylinders with their covers.

The piston works on the internal surface of the water-cooled walls of the cylinder, in the same manner as in motors with other types of valve. The extension of the piston slideway in the cylinder head forms a guide for the outer cylindrical slide valve 6.

The inner slide valve 0 is guided by means of a. cylinder cover h, provided with inlet and outlet ports, which is inserted from above into the motor cylinder. 7

The upper fixing flange 2' (Fig. 3) of the cylinder cover h is cut away, as shown at k, 7;, to allon of the extensions of the cylin der slide valves 6, a passing up thcrethrough; The extensions carry cross'pieccs n, and 0 (Fig. 2), for the purpose of connection to the actuating mechanism.

Slots 7) are provided for connecting the interior of the cylinder cover it with the cooling-water jacket of the cylinder.

Ihe lower end of the cylindrical portion of the cylinder cover h makes a tight joint at thebottom of the piston slideway-extension, whereby the slide valves are shut on? from the interior of the cylinder, so that their working may not be prejudicially at fected by the pressure of the motive gases.

The slide valves 6 and 0, which are provided with suitable slots for entry and exit, are actuated from the valve shaft aby means of suitable connections, in such manner that the inlet aperture (1? and the exit aperture 6 are opened and closed slternately, in accordance with the four stroke cycle of the motor.

In the enample shbwn, motion is trans mitted from the valve shaft to the slide valves by means of cranks and connecting rods; but any other means may be used, such as eccentrics and eccentric rods,-or belicrank levers with connecting rods, with a valve shaft arranged underneath or on one side.

The packingof the slide valves relatively to each other and to the cylinder cover i is eiiected by rings m.

Having thus described my invent'on, I de clare that what I claim is- 1. In an explosion-motor, in combination, a cylinder presenting a piston-slideway having an upward axial eirtensionin the eylinder-head; a cover provided with a cylinvdrical prolongation fitting into the said slideway-extension; and two concentric cylindrical slide-valves located in the annular space between the inner wall of the said slideway-extension and the coverprolongation, whose bottom endshuts oil the said aiihular space from the main chamber of ti" 1 cylinder, substantially as described.

2. In an explosion-motor, in combination,

a water-cooled cylinder. presentin a pic ion c ics slideway havin an upward axia eXtEYiS1OB' in the cylmdercad; a cover provided with a cylindricalprolongation fitting into the said slide-way-extension; and two concentrio cylindrical slide-valves located in the annular space between the inner wall of the said slideway extension and the cover pro-a longation, whose bottom end shuts off the said annular space from the main chamber of thecylinder, the two valves being guided respectively by the inner wall or" the slideway-extension and the outer wall of the cover'prolongation; substantially as described.

In an explosion-motor, in combination, a cylinder presenting a piston slideway. having an upward axial extension in the cylindcr head; a cover, having a mutilated fixingflans e, secured to the cylinder-head, and provided with a cylindrical prolongation fitting into the said slidewayextension; two concentric cylindrical slide-valves, having lugs passing through the said cylinder flange, located in the annular space between the inner wall of the said slideway-esten- 26m 011% shuts" 01% th% saidf annular spacs June 1910 tom 1: e mainc am 91'. 0 file cylinflez" I w 'aross-members attached to the said lugs; gm JObEPH M 5 valve-actuating mechanism connected with Witnesses the said cross-members; substantially as de- HENRY Human sgion and th cove r-prolqia gition, fihos bat Signd afiBeflim Germany, this 1st day 0% 

